Banana

A banana is a tree-likedrzewopodobny plant (though strictlyściśle a herb) of the genus Musa in the family Musaceae, closely related to plantain. The term banana is also applied toto apply to: dotyczyć, odnosić się do the elongatedwydłużony fruit (technically a false berryowoc rzekomy), which grows (in ediblejadalny species and varieties) in hanging clusterscluster: grupa, skupisko, several to many fruits to a tierpoziom, warstwa (called a hand), many tiers to a bunchgrono, kiść, pęk. The total of hanging clusterscluster: grupa, skupisko is called a 'stemkomórka pierwotna, szypułka' in the commercialhandlowy world.

The banana was originally cultivatedto cultivate: uprawiać by pre-historic peoples in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.

Properties

Bananas come in a variety of sizes and colors. The ripedojrzały fruit is easily peeledto peel: obierać ze skórki and eaten rawsurowy or cooked. Depending upon variety and ripenessdojrzałość, the fleshmiąższ can be starchybogaty w skrobię to sweet, and firmtwardy to mushymiękki, zbyt dojrzały. Unripe or 'green' plantains and bananas are used in cooking and are the staple starch of some tropical populations.

The commercialhandlowy sweet varieties most commonly eaten in temperateumiarkowany klimat countries (species Musa acuminata or the hybridmieszaniec Musa x paradisiaca, a cultigen) are imported in large quantities from the tropics, where they are popular in part because they are available fresh year-roundprzez cały rok.

While the original bananas contained rather large seedsseed: nasiono, seedlessbeznasienny and triploidtriploidalny, potrójny varieties have been selected for human consumption. These are propagated asexually from offshoots of the plant. These offshoots are called followers or suckers in the trade, and one or two of them are the source for the next stemkomórka pierwotna, szypułka of fruit the plant produces, because the plant is normally chopped downto chop down: obcinać, ścinać at the time of harvestzbiór. A stemkomórka pierwotna, szypułka of bananas can weigh as much as 100 lb (45 kg), and they are usually carried on the shoulder.

Banana chips are a snackprzekąska produced from bananas. Bananas have also been used in the making of jam. However unlikew przeciwieństwie do, w odróżnieniu od other fruits, bananas have only recently been used to prepare juice and squashessquash: koncentrat owocowy. Despite an 85 percent water content, it has historically been difficult to extract juice from the fruit because when compressedto compress: ściskać, a banana simply turns to pulpmiazga, papka. In 2004, scientists at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), India, patented a technique for extracting juice by treating banana pulpmiazga, papka in a reaction vesselnaczynie for four to six hours.

In addition to the fruits, the flower of the banana plant (also known as banana blossom or banana heart) is used in South-East Asian cooking, either served rawsurowy with dips or cooked in soups and curries. The tender coremiękki, niedojrzały rdzeń of the banana plant's trunkpień is also used, notablyszczególnie, w znacznym stopniu in Burmesebirmański cooking.

Banana extinction

In 2003 Belgian plant pathologist Emile Frison of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain stated that the dominantgłowny, przeważający commercialhandlowy banana variety Cavendish may become extinctwymarły within 10 years.

The limited genetic diversity of cultivatedto cultivate: uprawiać bananas (which is due to their asexual reproduction) make them vulnerablewrażliwy, słaby, podatny na to diseases such as black Sigatoka (or a new strain of Fusarium wilt, also known as Panama disease). The magazine New Scientist added, "We may see the extinction of the banana, currently a lifesaverratujący życie, ratownik for hungry and impoverishedto impoverish: zubożać, wyniszczać Africans and the most popular product on the world's supermarket shelves."

However, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, Cavendish bananas make up about 10% of the total world banana cropplon, zbiór, with small-scale farmers continuing to grow numerous other varieties. The predecessor to the Cavendish, the Gros Michel, had suffered a similar fatepodobny los.

Nutritional value and dietary effects

Bananas contain about 74% water, 23% carbohydrateswęglowodany, 1% proteins, 0.5% fat, and 2.6% fiberbłonnik (these values vary with variety of banana, degree of ripenessdojrzałość and growing conditions). In an unripe banana the carbohydrateswęglowodany are mostly starchesskrobia. In the process of ripenening the starchesskrobia are convertedzamieniony to sugars; a fully ripedojrzały banana has only 1-2% starch.

Besides being a good source of energy, banana is a rich source of potassium, and hencedlatego, stąd is highly recommended for patients suffering from high blood pressure.

It is claimed that bananas have beneficial effect in the treatment of intestinal disordersintestinal disorder: zaburzenia, dolegliwość jelitowa, including diarrhoeabiegunka (diarrhea). Bananas are unusual in that they work for constipationzaparcie, zatwardzenie too. They contain mucilaginousklejący bulking substances and are easy to digesttrawić, przyswajać. Other fruit which may also be good for intestinal conditions include mangoes, figs, pineapple, and papaya.

Fair trade

Bananas are among the most widely consumed fruits in the world. However, many banana farmers receive a low price for their produce. This has led to bananas being available as a 'fair tradehandel na targu' item in some countries.

Urban legends

In the 1940s and 1950s, an urban legend involved tarantulas hidden among bunches of bananas. It should be noted that, while tarantulas do not hide in bananas, certain other large exotic spiders have been known to (see Brazilian wandering spider). These spiders are quite venomousjadowity and highly aggressive.

It is also an urban legend that the dried skin of banana fruit is hallucinogenichalucynogenny when smoked. Unlike many urban legendsurban legend: historia która ma w sobie ziarno prawdy, ale zostaje upiększona i staje się mitem, the origin of this one has been tracedto trace: odszukiwać, dochodzić. It dates backto date back: pochodzić z, datować się to an article in the student newspaper Berkeley Barb in March 1967, which got the story from the singer Country Joe McDonald. This was brought to attention once more in the late 1980s, when the satiricsatyryczny punk group Dead Milkmen published an album concerning the effects of smoking banana peels. Even the FDA investigated.

As with the spider legend, this legend is also not entirelycałkiem, całkowicie without meritwartość. It is a little-known fact that the darkening of ripening bananas, proceeding from yellow, to brown, to black, is mainly due to large amounts of serotonin (an important human neurotransmitterprzekaźnik nerowowy), which is produced from tryptophantryptofan, aminokwas występujący w białku in banana peels. While this propertywłasność would seem to implicatewplątać, wmieszać bananas as a natural antidepressant, such is not the case.

Upon ingestionspożycie, serotonin is immediately broken down by enzymes in the stomach (particularly monoamine oxidaseoksydaza monoaminowa, oksydoreduktaza monoaminowa). Due to its high melting pointtemperatura topnienia (213° C), serotonin is unsuitablenienadający się for smoking and decomposesto decompose: rozkładać, rozpadać się into toxic gases (carbon and nitrogen oxidescarbon and nitrogen oxide: tlenek węgla i azotu) during combustionspalanie. Additionally, it cannot cross the blood-brain barrierbariera krew-mózg.

Url źródłowy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana

Słowniczek