Hobbit

Hobbits are a fictional race from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth universeświat which first appears in the book The Hobbit. They also play a major role in The Lord of the Rings.

Description
Hobbits are two to four feet tall, with slightlylekko pointedszpiczasty ears and oversizedza duży furryfutrzasty feet. They are fond of an unadventurous bucolicsielankowy life of farming, eating, and socializingto socialize: udzielać się towarzysko. Living slightlylekko longer than humans, Hobbits can sometimes live for up to 120 years (with 100 years average). The time at which a young Hobbit "comes of age" is 33, as compared to the human 21 years. Thus a 50 year old Hobbit would only be middle-aged. Hobbits also like to drink aleale, piwo angielskie in innsinn: gospoda, karczma, not unlikeinaczej the English countryfolkwieśniak, who were Tolkien's inspiration. We can also see that in the name Tolkien chose for the part of Middle-earth where the Hobbits live: "The Shire" is clearly reminiscentprzypominający of the English countyhrabstwo names (e.g., Lancashire, Shropshire).

Origin
Hobbits are evidently relatedspokrewniony to Men, and are represented as an offshootodgałęzienie of that race. Their exact origin is unknown, but by the early Third Age they were living in the Vales of AnduinUjście Anduiny in WilderlandDzikie Kraje.

Hobbits are also called Halflings (in Sindarin, perian singular and periannath collectivezbiorowy) due toz powodu their small staturewzrost. Hobbits are not offended when they were called so, however they call themselves simply Hobbits. Tolkien's etymology for the latter name is interesting as well: obviously constructed without prior intent, it would have been natural for him to connect it to the German prefixprzedrostek hob meaning small (e.g. hobgoblin). However this prefixprzedrostek dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards, and so he constructed an alternative etymology, from Old English hol-bytla, "hole-dwellermieszkaniec nory". When later he began to work out the language relations further, Hobbit was to be derived fromto derive from: pochodzić z, wywodzić się z the Rohirric (actually Anglo-Saxon) Holbytlan (hole builders). In the original Westron, the name was Kuduk (Hobbit), derived fromto derive from: pochodzić z, wywodzić się z the actual Rohirric kud-dukan (hole dweller).

According to Tolkien, the word hobbit was the first element of The Hobbit that he created. As a university lecturerwykładowaca, so the story goes, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribblingto scribble: bazgrać, gryzmolić, pisać szybko i niestarannie on a piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit," and the multitudemnóstwo of stories sprang from that.

History
Historically, the Hobbits are known to have originated in the Valley of Anduin, between MirkwoodMroczna Puszcza and the Misty MountainsGóry Mgliste. According to the LoTR, they have lost the genealogical details of how they are relatedspokrewniony to the rest of humankindludzkość. At this time, there were three Hobbit-kinds, with different temperaments. The Harfoots, the most numerous, were almost identical to the Hobbits as they are described in The Lord of the Rings. The Stoors had an affinityatrakcyjność, powinnowactwo, przyciąganie for water, boats and swimming; the Fallohides were an adventurous people. (Both of these traitstrait: cecha were much rarer in later days.)

Some time near the beginning of the Third Age, they undertookto undertake: brać na siebie, podejmować się, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with Mordor's power, the arduouscięzki, trudny task of crossing the Misty MountainsGóry Mgliste. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that Gollum would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River Baranduin (which they renamed Brandywine) and the Weather Hills. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blurzacierać, zamazywać.

Around the year 1600 of the Third Age, two Fallohide brothers decided, again for reasons unknown, to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulatedwyludniony. Only Bree and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called the Shire.

Url źródłowy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbit

Słowniczek

universe
 

świat

slightly
 

lekko

pointed
 

szpiczasty

oversized
 

za duży

furry
 

futrzasty

to be fond of
 

lubić

bucolic
 

sielankowy

socializing
to socialize

udzielać się towarzysko

thus
 

dlatego

ale
 

ale, piwo angielskie

inns
inn

gospoda, karczma

unlike
 

inaczej

countryfolk
 

wieśniak

reminiscent
 

przypominający

county
 

hrabstwo

related
 

spokrewniony

offshoot
 

odgałęzienie

Vales of Anduin
 

Ujście Anduiny

Wilderland
 

Dzikie Kraje

collective
 

zbiorowy

due to
 

z powodu

stature
 

wzrost

prefix
 

przedrostek

derived from
to derive from

pochodzić z, wywodzić się z

hole-dweller
 

mieszkaniec nory

lecturer
 

wykładowaca

scribbling
to scribble

bazgrać, gryzmolić, pisać szybko i niestarannie

multitude
 

mnóstwo

lads
lad

chłopak, młodzieniec

lasses
lass

dziewczyna

depicted
to depict

przedstawiać, opisywać

formidable
 

groźny, straszny

Mirkwood
 

Mroczna Puszcza

Misty Mountains
 

Góry Mgliste

humankind
 

ludzkość

affinity
 

atrakcyjność, powinnowactwo, przyciąganie

traits
trait

cecha

undertook
to undertake

brać na siebie, podejmować się

arduous
 

cięzki, trudny

to blur
 

zacierać, zamazywać

depopulated
 

wyludniony

trademark
 

znak firmowy, cecha wyróżniająca

owned
to own

mieć, posiadać

estate
 

majątek

artifacts
artefact

artefakt

obscure
 

mało znany, niezrozumiały, skomplikowany

spirits
spirit

duch

coin the word
 

wykuć słowo, wymyślić słowo

to imply
 

sugerować, oznaczać

to invalidate
 

unieważniać

lexeme
 

leksem

dubbed
to dub

nazywać, przezywać