Hippie

Hippies (singular hippie or sometimes hippy) were members of the 1960s counterculture movement who adopted a communal or nomadic lifestylewspólny, komunalny albo, renouncedto renounce: wyrzekać sie, rezygnować, zaniechać corporatezbiorowy, wspólny nationalism and the Vietnam War, embracedto embrace: obejmować, przyjmowaćto embrance: obejmować, przyjmować aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and/or Native American religious culture, and were otherwisepoza tym at odds withto be at odds with: kłocić się, spierać, nie zgadzać się z traditional middle class Western values. They saw paternalisticżyczliwy ale czasem natrętny, nieproszony government, corporatezbiorowy, wspólny industry, and traditional social moreszwyczaje, obyczaje, konwencje as part of a unified establishmentzjednolicowny, jednolity that had no authentic legitimacy.

Origins
The term derived fromto derive from: pochodzić z, wywodzić się z hipster which referred to white people in the US who were 'hip' or became involved with black culture, e.g. Harry "The Hipster" Gibson. September 6, 1965, marked the first San Francisco newspaper story, by Michael Fellon, that used the word 'hippie' to refer to the younger bohemiansbohemian: cygan (as opposed to the older Beat Generation). The name did not catch on with the establishment press until almost two years later.

The hippie movement was at its height in the late 1960s. The July 7, 1967 issue of TIME magazine had for its cover story: 'The Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture.'

The touristic influxnapływ that accompanied the highly-publicized San Francisco Summer of Love did nothing to intensifywzmacniać, powiększać, nasilać counterculture. In fact by the time Hippiedom became commercialized, mid-late 1967, being a hippie had lost its real purpose. The last publication of the Diggers was the anthology of street news, manifestoes and articles titled The Digger Papers, that came out in August 1968. Co-published as an edition of The Realist, the Diggers distributed 40,000 free copies.

Legacy
By 1970, much of hippie style had passed into mainstreamgłowny nurt, dominujący trend culture, but little of its substance. The mainstreamgłowny nurt, dominujący trend press lost interest in the hippie subculture as such, though many hippies made and have since continued to maintain a long-termdługoterminowy commitmentzaangażowanie, poświęcenie to it. Because the hippies have tended to avoid publicity since the Summer of Love/Woodstock era, a popular myth has arisento arise: powstawać, pojawiać się that they no longer exist. In fact, they may still be found in Bohemian (or merelytylko, jedynie openminded) enclavesenclave: enklawa throughout the world, as wanderers following the bands they love, or elsewheregdziekolwiek, gdzie bądź in the intersticesinterstice: szczelina, pęknięcie, rysa of the global economy. Many have been rendezvousingto rendezvouse: spotykać się annuallyco roku at Rainbow Gatherings since the early 1970s to celebrate and pray for peace. Even today, many still gather at meetings and festivals to celebrate life and love, such as the Peace Fest.

Distinguishing marks
As a group, hippies tend to have longer hair and more/fuller beards than has been generally fashionable. Both male and female African-Americans (and a few Caucasians also possessing "nappy" hair) associated with the 1960s counterculture (and the parallel civil rights movement) wore their hair in "afros." Dreadlocks are another type of hairstlye that has been worn (more common among "neo-hippies"; see below). Some people not associated with the counterculture find such long hair offensiveobrażliwy, nieprzyzwoity, in part because of the iconoclasticobrazoburczy attitude it bespeaksto bespeak: wyrażać, przedstawiać, and in part because they see it as unhygienic, or femininekobiecy. When Hair moved from off-Broadway to a large Broadway theater in 1968, the hippie counterculture was already diversifyingto diversify: urozmaicać, różnicowac and fleeingto flee: uciekać, zbiegać traditional urbanmiejski, wielkomiejski settings.

Other traitstrait: cecha associated with hippies include:

1. Clothes having bright colors, and certain unusual styles (such as bell-bottom pants, tie-dyedtie-dye: farbowanie tkanin po związaniu ich w węzeł shirts, peasantwieśniacki blouses, and Indian-inspired clothing)


2. Listening to certain styles of music; psychedelic rock such as the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin; modern jam band counterparts such as Phish, String Cheese Incident, moe., the Black Crowes, or Goa trance music


3. Performing music casually, in friends' homes, or for free at outdoor fairsfair: targ such as San Francisco's legendary "Human Be-In" of January 1967, Woodstock (a famous gathering attended mostly by hippies) and today, for example, the Burning Man festival.


4. Free love


5. Communal living


6. Incense


7. Using recreationalrekreacyjny drugs, particularly marijuana, hashish, and hallucinogens such as LSD and Psilocybin. Marijuana was prizedto prize: cenić as much for its iconoclasticobrazoburczy, illicitnielegalny, bezprawny, zakazany nature as for its psychopharmaceutical effect.

Drugs
In hindsightanaliza wydarzeń po fakcie, spóżniony refleks, people may recall that hippies did not smoke cigarettes made of tobacco, and that they considered tobacco dangerous, but a look through photographs made at the time shows that cigarettes were very much in evidencewidoczny, widziany.

Often, the term "hippie" is looselynieprecyzyjnie, niedokładnie used with the pejorativedezaprobujący connotationskojarzenie of participationuczestnictwo, udział in recreationalrekreacyjny drug use (at least to the extent of using marijuana) and choosing not to think or care much about work, responsibility, the larger society, or personal hygiene.

Politics
Though they were a genuineoryginalny counterculture movement, the early hippies were not particularly tolerant of homosexuality. They were also proneskłonny, mający tendencję to what some people would now deemto dee,: uważać, uznawać highly unacceptable sexism. This changed rapidly as hippie culture embracedto embrace: obejmować, przyjmowaćto embrance: obejmować, przyjmować feminism and egalitarian principleszasady równouprawnienia.

The term is also associated with participationuczestnictwo, udział in peace movements, including peace marches such as the USA marches on Washington and civil rights marches, and anti-Vietnam War demonstrations including the 1968 Democratic Convention. The Yippies represented a highly politically active sub-group.

Hippie political expression often took the form of dropping outto drop out: opuścić, rozstać się of society to implementwprowadzać w życie, realizować the changes they soughtto seek: poszukiwać, potrzebować, chcieć desired. The back to the land movement, cooperative business enterprises, alternative energy, free press movement, and organic farming were all political in nature at their start.

Philosophically, hippie thought drew upon the earlier Beat Generation.

Neo-Hippies
Neo-hippie is a name given to modern hippies, who, while retaingingto retain: zachowywać, zatrzymywać some aspects of the '60s hippie movement, have changed in some areas, for example by embracing punk values of anarchism, anti-establishmentarianism, feminism and acceptance of homosexuality. Dreadlocks, especially with beadsbead: paciorek, koralik sewnto sew: przyszywać into them, are popular among neo-hippies.

Url źródłowy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie

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