present perfect czy past simple?

prosze mi wytlumaczyc na czym polega roznica tych dwoch czasow, jak odroznic jeden od drugiego bo jakos nie dociera do mnie co jest w ksiazkach napisane mi tam w jakims zdaniu ten i ten czas pasuje, prosze o pomoc bo nie umiem ich odroznic.Wiem ze present perfect to czas ktory ma odbicie w terazniejszosci ale nawet past simple tez ma odbicie w terazniejszosci i nieumiem sobie z nimi poradzic.

Zależy od tego czy to "odbicie" w teraźniejszości jest wskazane w zdaniu.

a jak moze byc przykladowo wskazane w zdaniu?

On the whole, if you feel that a situation or fact is somewhat recent, you use PRESENT PERFECT; otherwise you use PAST SIMPLE, e.g.

Harry is looking for his glasses. He can't find them.
Harry 'has lost' his key. - which means that he doesn't have them NOW.

A few minutes later.
Harry isn't looking for the glasses any more. He 'has found' them. - which means that he has them NOW.

Now you could ask and answer:
Has Harry lost his glasses? No, he hasn't.
Did he lose the glasses? Yes, he did. But now he 'has found' them.

The Present Perfect tense tells us about the PRESENT whereas the Past Simple tense only about the PAST. If somebody says that 'Harry lost his glasses', this doesn't actually tells us whether he has them now or not. It tells us only that he lost them at some time in the past.

In conclusion, you DO NOT use the present perfect if the situation is different now; you USE the present perfect for new or recent situations; you USE the past simple for finished situations; you USE the past simple when the exact moment of the action is included in the form of such words like 'yesterday', 'last...', '...ago', etc.

And there's one more suggestion I'd like to make: we use the PRESENT PERFECT to give a piece of new information; however, if we continue to talk about it, we usually use the PAST SIMPLE (not PRESENT PERFECT):

A: Oh no. I've cut my finger.
B: How did you do that?
A: Well, I didn't notice the sharp edge of this tin.

W sumie ja sama też się w tym gubię :/
Na pewno nie można użyć Present Perfect jeśli wskazujesz w zdaniu kiedy coś się dokładnie stało. Nie możesz napisać w tym czasie, że wczoraj byłaś w kinie.

Na tej stronie jednym z przykładowych zdań na Present Perfect jest:
I have bought a new car.
Ale ja bym to napisała w Past Simple.

Możesz napisać, że rano ćwiczyłaś i teraz masz zakwasy. Bynajmniej ja bym tak napisała.

Tak więc podłączam się do pytania o różnice w tych czasach... nigdy nie lubiłam Present Perfect :/

>In conclusion, you DO NOT use the present perfect if the situation is different now; you USE the present perfect for new or recent situations; you USE the past simple for finished situations

Myślę, że to wyjaśnienie już mi trochę bardziej rozjaśniło jak to wygląda ;)

dziekuje za pomoc i za staranie sie:)

dziekuje za pomoc wiem ten czas jest dziwny i trudno jest go zrozumiec w sumie:)

a jeszcze mam takie pytanie,bo mam takie zdanie:It was cold,so I shut the window, bo tu jest skutek i przyczyna w sumie i czy to nie powinna byc w present perfest?

So it's time for exercises, I assume (of course if you don't have any more important things to do instead):

It's 10 o'clock. Mike is shaving. Now he is getting out of the bathroom and his girlfriend says:
'Wow, you ... (shave off) your moustache! You look great now!'
Two days after (the same people):
'You know, I don't like you without moustache. Why ... you ... (do) that?'
And one of his colleagues said:
'Men, what ... you ... (do)? You look silly without your moustache now.'

Our neighbours ... (go away). They'll get back on Monday.
Our neighbours ... (go away), but I think they're back at home now.

It ... (stop) hailing, so we can go out now.
It ... (stop) hailing for a while, but now it's hailing again.

... you ... (know) that somebody ... (discover) a cure for bird flu?
Who ... (invent) the radio?

Kamila ... (live) in Koln since she ... (move) there in 1990.
Before that time, Kamila ... (live) in Berlin for 2 years.

It's afternoon now.
'... you ... (see) Gregory this morning?'
It's evening now.
'... you .... (speak) to Mary tonight?'

I'm so exhausted. I ... (do) so much work today.
I wasn't tired yesterday. I ... (not do) so much work.

It's 10 o'clock. Mike is shaving. Now he is getting out of the bathroom and his girlfriend says:
'Wow, you have shaved off your moustache! You look great now!'
Two days after (the same people):
'You know, I don't like you without moustache. Why did you do that?'
And one of his colleagues said:
'Men, what have you done? You look silly without your moustache now.'

Our neighbours gone away. They'll get back on Monday.
Our neighbours have gone away, but I think they're back at home now.

It stopped hailing, so we can go out now.
It has stopped hailing for a while, but now it's hailing again.


ja nie wiem czy to dobrze robie...jakos ciezko mi to zrozumiec...

As for 'It's 10 o'clock...' you've been great - there are no mistakes made by you!!!

And now the problems:
Our neighbours HAVE gone away. They'll get back on Monday. (right, the situation is still the same - they are away NOW)
Our neighbours {WENT} away, but I think they're back at home now. (wrong, in this case you think that they ARE back, so you can't refer to the situation as being the same - you know that they went away some time ago, but you suppose the situation HAS CHANGED - so you should have written 'WENT')

It {HAS} stopped hailing, so we can go out now. (wrong, if something is recent to you (in this case the hail is over) you are supposed to use PRESENT PERFECT)
It {} stopped hailing for a while, but now it's hailing again. (wrong, the situation HAS CHANGED the hail was over but now it's on again - as I wrote above if the situation is still true then you USE Present Perfect, if not you USE Past Simple)

All I can say is that you need more and more practice. That's all for now.

jeśli to komuś pomoże, to mogę jeszcze dodać, że żeby zapamiętać kiedy używać Past Simple, a kiedy Present Perfect, warto pamiętać, że w Past Simple ważniejsza jest sama czynność, to że ona się w ogóle wyadrzyła, kiedy się wydarzyła itd. Na przykład rozmawiam z kimś i mówię: Straszna ze mnie niezdara - stłukłam wazon, spaliłam obiad, zgubiłam klucze..... (I LOST my keys). W Present Perfect natomiast chodzi o to, że mamy jakąś sytuację z teraźniejszości, która potoczyłaby się zupełnie inaczej, gdyby nie to że miała na nią wpływ sytuacja z przeszłości: Nie mam w co wsadzić kwiatków BO stłukłam wazon. Muszę zjeść na mieście BO spaliłam obiad. Muszę zmienić zamek BO zgubiłam klucze ( I HAVE LOST my keys.) Jak sama nazwa wskazuje jest to czas PRESENT = teraźniejszy

That was a good load of information, kapella. [:-)]

Po pierwsze to jest to czas przeszły, więc na pewno nie Present Perfect. Tu są po prostu kolejne czynności w przeszłości. Było zimno, więc zamknęłam okno - jedno następuje po drugim, nie podkreślamy ważności tego, że coś zostało wykonane wcześniej czy później, więc to tak jakby opowiadać: wstałam o 10, zjadłam śniadanie, poszłam do sklepu itp. - wszystko wtedy opisuje się w Past Simple.

Miałam przed chwilą korepetycje i dopytałam o to. Jeśli skutek danej czynności jest wspomniany w zdaniu, albo nie jest wspomniany ale w domyśle dany stan jest nadal aktualny, stosujemy Present Perfect.

I have bought a car - to znaczy, że kupiłam samochód, nie wskazuję kiedy dokładnie bo wtedy zastosowałabym Past Simple, a ten stan jest aktualny w tej chwili.

I bought a car a week ago - Kupiłam samochód tydzień temu, ale nie ma mowy ani domysłu co do tego, czy dalej go mam, poza tym jest wskazany moment w przeszłości, co znaczy, że można użyć tylko czasu przeszłego.

Wiem, że ktoś pode mną już to rozwiązał ale nie chcę się sugerować odpowiedziami :-)

It's 10 o'clock. Mike is shaving. Now he is getting out of the bathroom and his girlfriend says:
'Wow, you HAVE SHAVED OFF your moustache! You look great now!'
Two days after (the same people):
'You know, I don't like you without moustache. Why DID you DO that?' (mam do tego wątpliwości)
And one of his colleagues said:
'Men, what HAVE you DONE (do)? You look silly without your moustache now.'

Our neighbours HAVE GONE AWAY. They'll get back on Monday.
Our neighbours WENT AWAY, but I think they're back at home now.

It HAS STOPPED hailing, so we can go out now.
It .STOPPED hailing for a while, but now it's hailing again.

DO you KNOW that somebody HAS DISCOVERED a cure for bird flu? (tak naprawdę pasują mi tu oba czasy:/)
Who INVENTED the radio?
Kamila HAS LIVED in Koln since she MOVED there in 1990.
Before that time, Kamila HAD LIVED in Berlin for 2 years.

It's afternoon now.
'.HAVE you SEEN Gregory this morning?'
It's evening now.
'HAVE you SPOKEN to Mary tonight?' (Will you speak to Mary tonight?)

I'm so exhausted. I HAVE DONE so much work today.
I wasn't tired yesterday. I HADN'T DONE so much work.

>if the situation is still true then you USE Present Perfect

Even if the situation finished some time ago, in the past, but now is the same again?

I bought a car a week ago - Kupiłam samochód tydzień temu, ale nie ma mowy ani domysłu co do tego, czy dalej go mam,

Alez ze zdania w Simple Past moze wynikac, ze nadal mam samochod!
Porownaj:
I bought my car a week ago

It's good for you to have extra lessons in English. I have just returned from my lesson and I must admit that my pupil is still having trouble in using the right tense. Well, Rome wasn't built in a day. We all need time to obtain desired results - the more you learn the better command of English you have.

As for mg's suggestion - the question seems to be ambiguous - you could either have it or not have it.
I bought my car a week ago. (we don't know exactly whether you have it or not unless I can see it standing nearby)
I bought my car a week ago, but I've had it stolen. (now we know for sure that you don't have it.)
I bought my car a week ago. Look, it's over there. (surely you still possess it.)
It's sometimes the context that determines the use of appropriate tense.