>waving a white flag down here in the trenches....
By the way, I think sjp.pl should have furnished their dictionary with their own glossary of these symbols.
But I would too capitulate under the face of the following gobbledygook in English :
“Chomsky begins Syntactic Structures , then , by aiming to construct a grammar that can be viewed as a devise of some sort for producing the sentences of the language under analysis…..
The language learner ( analogously, the linguist) approaches the problem of language acquisition (grammar construction) with a SCHEMATISM that determines in advance the general properties of human language and the general properties of the grammars that may be constructed to account for linguistic phenomena”.(LSST,12)
And thereupon it goes :
“………As a simple example of the new form for grammars associated with constituent analysis, consider the following :
(i) Sentence → NP +VP
(ii) NP→ T+N
(iii) VP→ Verb +NP
(iv) T → the
(v) N→ man, ball, etc.
(vi) Verb → hit, took, etc.
Suppose the we interpret each rule X→Y of (13) as the instruction “rewrite X as Y”……
And yadda, yadda , yadda……. .
I guess that every language can be defined by means of the“gloomy”mathematical descriptions but I have to admit that Polish is somewhat abnormally marked by multiple declensions,conjugations and inflections and God knows what else we might find there….