Teksty rozumiem, ale niestety dość pobieżnie..
Jeśli tylko ktoś ma czas i ochotę to proszę o przetłumaczenie.
1. One of Chekhov's innovations of technique is the "psychological gesture," in which a repeated external action leads to an internal revelation. Due to his insistence on the importance of the physical rather than the simply intellectual, Chekhov's book is as focused on following its series of exercises as it is in study; acting, he would remind us, is always fundamentally a verb.
2. In theatre, substitution refers to the method of understanding elements in the life of one's character by comparing them to elements in one's own life. For example, if an actor is portraying a character who is being blackmailed, he or she could think back to some embarrassing or private fact about his or her own life, and mentally superimpose that onto the character's secret. This is associated with the realism-driven representational acting approach.
Substitution can be emotionally challenging, but supporters argue it produces a better and more sincere performance than trying to understand a character's motivations without reference to one's own life.
3. Affective memory, also known as 'emotional memory', is an element of Stanislavski's ‘system’ and of Method Acting, two related approaches to acting. Affective memory requires the actor to call on the memories he or she felt when they were in a situation similar (or more recently a situation with similar emotional import) to that of their character. Stanislavski believed an actor needed to take emotion and personality to the stage and call upon it when playing their character. He also explored the use of objectives, the physical body's effect on emotions and empathizing with the character.
"Emotional recall" is a the basis for Lee Strasberg's Method Acting. "Sense memory" is used to refer to the recall of physical sensations (instead of emotions). Many modern actors and actresses, however, believe that emotional recall is not authentic "acting". The argument is that the actor is meant to be imitating the character's emotions and not actually experiencing them. The general consensus, however, is that proper acting is a combination of many techniques, and that no actor should be restricted to one way of performing